[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1068},["ShallowReactive",2],{"layer:data-handling:extend":3},{"layer":4,"contentHash":1048,"dependencyHashes":1049,"approval":1061,"releaseId":1067},{"schemaVersion":5,"conceptId":6,"locale":7,"depth":8,"revision":5,"title":9,"subtitle":10,"summary":11,"objectives":12,"estimatedMinutes":18,"plate":19,"blocks":40,"sourceIds":1043,"reviewStatus":1044,"authoring":1045},1,"data-handling","en","extend","Data in the wild: pie charts, tricks, chance and projects","Draw pie charts, catch misleading graphs, talk about chance, and investigate real Indian data","Turn data into pie charts with angles, spot graphs that mislead, describe chance from impossible to certain, and run real projects on electricity bills, the census and monsoon rain. Think about privacy and fairness in data, meet careers built on data, and try olympiad-style puzzles.",[13,14,15,16,17],"Draw and read pie charts using central angle = (part ÷ whole) × 360°.","Identify misleading graphs, such as broken axes and pictures scaled by area, and redraw them fairly.","Describe chance with words and with numbers from 0 to 1, and compare experimental results with expectations.","Plan and carry out a data project using real Indian data, and discuss privacy and consent.","Solve multi-step puzzles about means, medians and modes.",60,{"title":20,"rows":21},"Lesson plate",[22,25,28,31,34,37],{"label":23,"value":24},"Depth","Extend",{"label":26,"value":27},"Reading time","≈ 60 minutes",{"label":29,"value":30},"Prior knowledge","Averages, grouped data (Deepen), angles",{"label":32,"value":33},"Chapters","10",{"label":35,"value":36},"Labs","Pie match, graph tricks, chance sort, bill lab, puzzle lab",{"label":38,"value":39},"Projects","Electricity bill, rainfall, census, class survey",[41,45,51,54,93,118,128,134,168,182,187,190,209,212,217,235,298,302,307,310,335,338,404,409,429,434,437,476,508,513,516,557,566,571,576,579,583,587,592,658,663,666,675,685,713,724,734,745,756,761,800,805,810,863,991,1005,1008,1014,1018,1022,1027,1032],{"id":42,"type":43,"markdown":44},"intro","prose","Data handling does not stop at the classroom. Newspapers print pie charts of the government budget; advertisers show bar graphs of how much whiter their toothpaste makes your teeth; weather apps say \"70% chance of rain\"; the Census of India counts over a hundred crore people. This layer takes your skills out into that world. You will learn a new kind of graph, learn to catch graphs that lie, learn the language of chance, and try some real projects and hard puzzles.\n\nOne note before you start: the family budget, the toothpaste brands, the coin experiment and the Pune electricity bills in this lesson are **invented examples**. The census figures are real, and the chapter says where they come from.",{"id":46,"type":47,"title":48,"eyebrow":49,"navLabel":50},"ch01","chapter","Pie charts: data as slices of a circle","Chapter 01","1 Pie charts",{"id":52,"type":43,"markdown":53},"pie-intro","A **pie chart** (or circle graph) shows how a **whole** is split into **parts**. The circle is the whole; each slice (called a **sector**) is one part, and its size shows what fraction of the whole that part is. Pie charts answer questions like *what share of the family budget goes on food?*\n\nThe key fact: a full turn round the centre of a circle is **360°** (see \u002Ftopics\u002Fangles). So a part that is a quarter of the whole gets a quarter of 360°, which is 90°, a right angle. In general:\n\n**central angle of a sector = (part ÷ whole) × 360°.**",{"id":55,"type":56,"caption":57,"columns":58,"rows":63},"table-budget","table","The Sharma family's monthly spending of ₹30,000 and the pie-chart angles",[59,60,61,62],"Item","Amount (₹)","Fraction of whole","Central angle",[64,69,74,79,84,86,88],[65,66,67,68],"Food","9,000","9000 ÷ 30000 = 0.3","0.3 × 360° = 108°",[70,71,72,73],"Rent","7,500","7500 ÷ 30000 = 0.25","0.25 × 360° = 90°",[75,76,77,78],"Education","4,500","4500 ÷ 30000 = 0.15","0.15 × 360° = 54°",[80,81,82,83],"Transport","3,000","3000 ÷ 30000 = 0.1","0.1 × 360° = 36°",[85,81,82,83],"Savings",[87,81,82,83],"Other",[89,90,91,92],"**Total**","**30,000**","**1**","**360°**",{"id":94,"type":95,"title":96,"items":97},"steps-pie","steps","Drawing the pie chart",[98,102,106,110,114],{"title":99,"tag":100,"text":101},"Find each angle","fraction × 360°","Food 108°, Rent 90°, Education 54°, Transport 36°, Savings 36°, Other 36°. Check: they add to 360°.",{"title":103,"tag":104,"text":105},"Draw a circle","with a compass","Mark the centre and draw one radius as a starting line.",{"title":107,"tag":108,"text":109},"Measure the first sector","protractor","Place the protractor on the radius and mark 108° for Food; draw the second radius.",{"title":111,"tag":112,"text":113},"Continue round","from the last line","Measure 90° for Rent from the new radius, then 54°, 36°, 36°. The last sector should be exactly 36°.",{"title":115,"tag":116,"text":117},"Label and title","names or percentages","Write each item in its sector (or use a legend) and give the chart a title.",{"id":119,"type":120,"title":121,"problem":122,"steps":123},"we-pie-read","worked_example","Reading a pie chart backwards","In a pie chart of how 720 students travel to a school, the sector for \"cycle\" has an angle of 60°. How many students cycle? What percentage is that?",[124,125,126,127],"The fraction of the circle is 60 ÷ 360 = 1\u002F6.","Students who cycle = 1\u002F6 × 720 = **120**.","Percentage = 1\u002F6 × 100% ≈ **16.7%**.","Check the other way: 120 ÷ 720 × 360° = 60° ✓.",{"id":129,"type":130,"variant":131,"title":132,"markdown":133},"pie-when","callout","nuance","When pie charts work and when they do not","Pie charts are good for showing parts of **one whole** with a few categories (up to about 6). They are poor at comparing slices of similar sizes (is 34° bigger than 36°? hard to tell by eye), and they make no sense if the parts do not add up to a whole, such as the favourite subjects of students who could pick more than one. A bar graph is almost always easier to read accurately. 3D and exploded pies are prettier and even harder to read.",{"id":135,"type":136,"component":137,"componentVersion":5,"config":138,"objective":166,"textAlternative":167},"lab-pie-match","interactive","match-pairs",{"prompt":139,"mode":140,"pairs":141},"Match each share of the whole to its angle in a pie chart.","connect",[142,145,148,151,154,157,160,163],{"a":143,"b":144},"50% of the whole","180°",{"a":146,"b":147},"25% of the whole","90°",{"a":149,"b":150},"10% of the whole","36°",{"a":152,"b":153},"1\u002F3 of the whole","120°",{"a":155,"b":156},"1\u002F8 of the whole","45°",{"a":158,"b":159},"5% of the whole","18°",{"a":161,"b":162},"1\u002F6 of the whole","60°",{"a":164,"b":165},"75% of the whole","270°","Connect fractions and percentages of a whole to the central angles of pie-chart sectors.","Eight pairs, using angle = fraction × 360°:\n\n- 50% → 180° (a straight angle)\n- 25% → 90° (a right angle)\n- 10% → 36°\n- 1\u002F3 → 120°\n- 1\u002F8 → 45°\n- 5% → 18°\n- 1\u002F6 → 60°\n- 75% → 270° (a reflex angle)\n\nA useful anchor: 1% of the whole is 3.6°.",{"id":169,"type":170,"itemId":171,"prompt":172,"check":173,"hints":178,"feedback":179},"pr-pie","practice","data-handling.extend-pie-angle","In a survey of 60 people, 14 prefer tea without sugar. What angle should their sector have in a pie chart?",{"kind":174,"answer":175,"tolerance":176,"unit":177},"number",84,0,"°",[],{"correct":180,"incorrect":181},"Correct: 14 ÷ 60 × 360° = 84°.","Angle = (part ÷ whole) × 360° = (14 ÷ 60) × 360°.",{"id":183,"type":47,"title":184,"eyebrow":185,"navLabel":186},"ch02","Graphs that mislead","Chapter 02","2 Misleading graphs",{"id":188,"type":43,"markdown":189},"mislead-intro","A graph can be made from perfectly true numbers and still give a false impression. Sometimes this happens by accident, sometimes on purpose. Here are the most common tricks.\n\n**1. The broken (truncated) axis.** Toothpaste brand A is preferred by 42% of people in a survey, brand B by 45%. Draw the bars from 0 and they look almost the same, which is honest. Now start the axis at 40%: bar A is 2 units tall and bar B is 5 units. Brand B suddenly looks **two and a half times** as popular, when the real difference is 3 percentage points.",{"id":191,"type":56,"caption":192,"columns":193,"rows":198},"table-broken","The same data, two axes. █ = 1 percentage point shown above the axis start",[194,195,196,197],"Brand","Real value","Axis from 0% (honest)","Axis from 40% (misleading)",[199,204],[200,201,202,203],"A","42%","█████████████████████ (42, drawn at half scale)","██ (2)",[205,206,207,208],"B","45%","██████████████████████▌ (45, drawn at half scale)","█████ (5)",{"id":210,"type":43,"markdown":211},"mislead-more","**2. Pictures scaled by area.** A company's sales doubled, so the designer draws a coin twice as **wide** and twice as **tall**. But the bigger coin covers 2 × 2 = **4 times** the area, and your eye reads area. Double the height and width of a 3D object and its volume looks 2 × 2 × 2 = 8 times bigger.\n\n**3. Cherry-picked time windows.** Showing a share price only for the one month it rose, or rainfall only for the two driest years, can tell any story you like.\n\n**4. Uneven scales.** Gaps on the axis labelled 0, 10, 20, 50, 100 at equal spacing squash the big values.\n\n**5. Missing context.** \"Crime reports doubled!\" might mean 2 cases became 4, or that a new online reporting system made reporting easier. A total without the population behind it can mislead too: a big state will almost always have more of everything than a small one.",{"id":213,"type":130,"variant":214,"title":215,"markdown":216},"mislead-careful","careful","Five questions to ask any graph","1. Does the value axis start at **zero**? If not, is there a clear break symbol, and is that fair here?\n2. Are the **scales even** and **labelled** with units?\n3. Do pictures grow in **one** direction only?\n4. Who made it, and **what do they want** you to think?\n5. What is **missing**: other years, other groups, the total population?",{"id":218,"type":219,"prompt":220,"options":221,"explanation":234},"predict-area","prediction","A poster shows a small drawing of a water tank for 2016 and a drawing for 2026 that is **three times as tall and three times as wide**, to show that a village's water storage tripled. How many times bigger does the 2026 picture look?",[222,225,228,231],{"id":223,"label":224},"a","3 times",{"id":226,"label":227},"b","6 times",{"id":229,"label":230},"c","9 times",{"id":232,"label":233},"d","27 times","**About 9 times** by area (3 × 3), and since a tank looks three-dimensional, many people read it as **27 times** (3 × 3 × 3). The honest drawing would make only one dimension three times as big, or use three tank symbols of the same size, like a pictograph.",{"id":236,"type":136,"component":237,"componentVersion":5,"config":238,"objective":296,"textAlternative":297},"lab-mislead-sort","sort-game",{"prompt":239,"bins":240,"items":247,"seconds":176},"Is each graph fair or misleading?",[241,244],{"id":242,"label":243},"ok","Fair",{"id":245,"label":246},"bad","Misleading",[248,252,256,260,264,268,272,276,280,284,288,292],{"id":249,"label":250,"bin":245,"why":251},"m1","Bar graph of two brands at 42% and 45%, axis starting at 40%","The broken axis turns a 3-point difference into bars 2 and 5 units tall.",{"id":253,"label":254,"bin":242,"why":255},"m2","Bar graph of monthly rainfall, axis from 0 mm, labelled in mm","Honest: equal widths, zero baseline, clear units.",{"id":257,"label":258,"bin":245,"why":259},"m3","Pictograph in which the bigger number gets a bigger picture","Pictures must be the same size; only the number of symbols should change.",{"id":261,"label":262,"bin":242,"why":263},"m4","Pie chart of a family budget whose angles add up to 360°","A pie chart of one whole with correct angles is fair.",{"id":265,"label":266,"bin":245,"why":267},"m5","Line graph of a share price showing only the one month it rose","Cherry-picked time window hides the full story.",{"id":269,"label":270,"bin":245,"why":271},"m6","Pie chart of favourite subjects where students could choose three each","The parts do not form one whole, so a pie chart is wrong here.",{"id":273,"label":274,"bin":242,"why":275},"m7","Double bar graph of Mumbai and Chennai rain with a legend","Paired bars on one honest scale make comparison fair.",{"id":277,"label":278,"bin":245,"why":279},"m8","Axis labelled 0, 10, 20, 50, 100 at equal spacing","Uneven scale: the gaps must stand for equal amounts.",{"id":281,"label":282,"bin":245,"why":283},"m9","Graph of total road accidents by state with no mention of population","Bigger states naturally have more; you need a rate per lakh people.",{"id":285,"label":286,"bin":242,"why":287},"m10","Histogram of test marks with touching bars of equal width","Correct for grouped continuous data.",{"id":289,"label":290,"bin":242,"why":291},"m11","Axis starting at 90 kg on a graph of adult weights, clearly marked with a break symbol","A clearly marked break can be fair when all values are far from zero and small changes matter.",{"id":293,"label":294,"bin":245,"why":295},"m12","A 3D exploded pie chart with the biggest slice tilted towards you","Perspective makes the front slice look larger than it is.","Judge whether each described graph is a fair picture of its data or a misleading one.","A sorting game with 12 graph descriptions.\n\n- **Fair:** rainfall bar graph from 0 mm with units; a budget pie chart whose angles add to 360°; a double bar graph with a legend; a histogram with touching equal-width bars; a weight graph starting at 90 kg with a clearly marked break (a break can be fair when it is obvious and all values are far from zero).\n- **Misleading:** bars at 42% and 45% with the axis starting at 40%; a pictograph with bigger pictures for bigger numbers; a share-price graph showing only the rising month; a pie chart of subjects where each student chose three; an uneven axis 0, 10, 20, 50, 100; state accident totals without population; a tilted 3D exploded pie.",{"id":299,"type":130,"variant":131,"title":300,"markdown":301},"broken-nuance","Is a broken axis always wrong?","Not always. For a patient's body temperature (36.5 to 38.5 °C) or a child's weight over a month, a zero baseline would squash all the important changes into a flat line. Starting higher is acceptable **if** the break is clearly marked and the graph is a line or dot graph rather than bars, whose lengths invite comparison. The rule of thumb: **bars must start at zero; lines may zoom, with warning.**",{"id":303,"type":47,"title":304,"eyebrow":305,"navLabel":306},"ch03","The language of chance","Chapter 03","3 Chance",{"id":308,"type":43,"markdown":309},"chance-intro","Data describes what **has** happened. Probability describes what **might** happen. The two are linked: we use data to estimate chances, and chances to predict data.\n\nWe describe chance with words:\n\n- **Impossible:** it cannot happen. Rolling a 7 on an ordinary die.\n- **Unlikely:** it could happen but probably will not. Snow in Chennai.\n- **Even chance:** as likely as not. A fair coin landing heads.\n- **Likely:** it will probably happen. Rain in Mumbai on a July afternoon.\n- **Certain:** it must happen. The sun rising tomorrow morning.\n\nMathematicians put these on a **probability scale** from **0** (impossible) to **1** (certain), with ½ in the middle for an even chance.",{"id":311,"type":312,"tone":313,"items":314},"spec-scale","spec","blue",[315,319,323,327,331],{"label":316,"big":317,"value":318},"Impossible","0","Rolling a 7 on a 1–6 die.",{"label":320,"big":321,"value":322},"Unlikely","0 to ½","Picking the one red ball from a bag of 10.",{"label":324,"big":325,"value":326},"Even chance","½","A fair coin landing heads.",{"label":328,"big":329,"value":330},"Likely","½ to 1","Rolling more than 1 on a die (5\u002F6).",{"label":332,"big":333,"value":334},"Certain","1","Rolling a number less than 7.",{"id":336,"type":43,"markdown":337},"chance-number","When all outcomes are **equally likely**, the probability of an event is\n\n**P(event) = (number of outcomes where it happens) ÷ (total number of outcomes).**\n\nFor a die, P(even number) = 3 ÷ 6 = ½, and P(a 5 or a 6) = 2 ÷ 6 = ⅓.\n\nBut probability does not promise exact results. Picture a Class 8 experiment in which 10 groups each toss a coin 20 times. Their numbers of heads might come out like this: 9, 12, 10, 11, 8, 10, 13, 9, 10, 11. (These figures are invented, but they are the kind of spread you really get.) Only three groups got exactly 10 heads. Altogether there were 103 heads in 200 tosses, a **relative frequency** of 103 ÷ 200 = 0.515, close to ½. The more trials you do, the closer the relative frequency usually gets to the probability.",{"id":339,"type":136,"component":237,"componentVersion":5,"config":340,"objective":402,"textAlternative":403},"lab-chance-sort",{"prompt":341,"bins":342,"items":353,"seconds":176},"How likely is each event?",[343,345,347,349,351],{"id":344,"label":316},"imp",{"id":346,"label":320},"unl",{"id":348,"label":324},"even",{"id":350,"label":328},"lik",{"id":352,"label":332},"cert",[354,358,362,366,370,374,378,382,386,390,394,398],{"id":355,"label":356,"bin":344,"why":357},"e1","Rolling a 7 on an ordinary six-sided die","The faces only go up to 6.",{"id":359,"label":360,"bin":348,"why":361},"e2","A fair coin landing tails","Two equally likely outcomes: probability ½.",{"id":363,"label":364,"bin":352,"why":365},"e3","Rolling a number from 1 to 6 on a die","Every roll gives one of these.",{"id":367,"label":368,"bin":346,"why":369},"e4","Rolling a 6 on one roll of a die","Probability 1\u002F6: possible but not likely.",{"id":371,"label":372,"bin":350,"why":373},"e5","Rolling more than 1 on a die","Five of the six faces: probability 5\u002F6.",{"id":375,"label":376,"bin":348,"why":377},"e6","Picking a red card from a well-shuffled pack of 52 playing cards","Half the cards (26) are red.",{"id":379,"label":380,"bin":350,"why":381},"e7","Rain in Mumbai on a given day in July","July is the wettest month; most days have rain.",{"id":383,"label":384,"bin":344,"why":385},"e8","Getting a total of 13 with two ordinary dice","The biggest possible total is 6 + 6 = 12.",{"id":387,"label":388,"bin":346,"why":389},"e9","Your birthday falling on a Sunday next year","About 1 chance in 7.",{"id":391,"label":392,"bin":348,"why":393},"e10","Choosing a vowel from the letters of the word DATA","D, A, T, A: two of the four letters are vowels.",{"id":395,"label":396,"bin":352,"why":397},"e11","The day after a Monday being a Tuesday","This always happens.",{"id":399,"label":400,"bin":346,"why":401},"e12","Picking a blue marble from a bag of 9 red and 1 blue","Probability 1\u002F10.","Place everyday events on the scale from impossible to certain.","A sorting game with five bins: impossible, unlikely, even chance, likely and certain.\n\n- **Impossible:** rolling a 7 on a die; a total of 13 with two dice.\n- **Unlikely:** a 6 on one roll (1\u002F6); your birthday on a Sunday (about 1\u002F7); a blue marble from 9 red and 1 blue (1\u002F10).\n- **Even chance:** a coin landing tails; a red card from a full pack (26\u002F52); a vowel from D, A, T, A (2\u002F4).\n- **Likely:** more than 1 on a die (5\u002F6); rain in Mumbai on a July day.\n- **Certain:** a number from 1 to 6 on a die; Tuesday following Monday.\n\nNumbers help sort the tricky ones: anything below ½ is unlikely, above ½ likely.",{"id":405,"type":130,"variant":406,"title":407,"markdown":408},"gambler","misconception","\"After five heads, tails is due\"","A coin has no memory. If a fair coin has landed heads five times in a row, the chance of heads on the next toss is still ½. Long runs are surprisingly common: in 200 tosses there is about a 4 in 5 chance of a run of 6 or more heads in a row somewhere. Believing that luck must \"even out\" soon is called the **gambler's fallacy**.",{"id":410,"type":170,"itemId":411,"prompt":412,"check":413,"hints":425,"feedback":426},"pr-prob","data-handling.extend-prob-die","A fair die is rolled. What is the probability of getting a prime number?",{"kind":414,"options":415,"correct":424},"choice",[416,418,420,422],{"id":223,"label":417},"1\u002F6",{"id":226,"label":419},"1\u002F3",{"id":229,"label":421},"1\u002F2",{"id":232,"label":423},"2\u002F3",[229],[],{"correct":427,"incorrect":428},"Yes: the primes from 1 to 6 are 2, 3 and 5, three of six outcomes, so 3\u002F6 = 1\u002F2. (1 is not prime.)","List the prime numbers from 1 to 6. Remember that 1 is not prime.",{"id":430,"type":47,"title":431,"eyebrow":432,"navLabel":433},"ch04","Project: a year of electricity bills","Chapter 04","4 Bill project",{"id":435,"type":43,"markdown":436},"bill-project","Your home's electricity bill is a ready-made data set (see \u002Ftopics\u002Felectricity). Most bills print the units (kilowatt-hours) used in recent months. Here is an **invented but realistic** year for a family in Pune (units per month, January to December): 180, 170, 190, 260, 340, 380, 300, 270, 250, 220, 190, 180.\n\nThe summaries: total **2,930 units**; mean 2,930 ÷ 12 ≈ **244.2 units**; median (the 6th and 7th ordered values are 220 and 250) **235 units**; modes **180 and 190**; range 380 − 170 = **210 units**. The peak in May and June is the cooler, fans and fridge working hardest in the heat before the monsoon.",{"id":438,"type":136,"component":439,"componentVersion":5,"config":440,"objective":474,"textAlternative":475},"lab-bill","data-lab",{"datasets":441,"valueRange":456,"step":459,"challenges":460},[442],{"label":443,"unit":444,"values":445},"Units used each month, Jan–Dec (a Pune family)","units",[446,447,448,449,450,451,452,453,454,455,448,446],180,170,190,260,340,380,300,270,250,220,{"min":457,"max":458},100,500,10,[461,464,467,471],{"measure":462,"target":454,"prompt":463},"mean","A new air-conditioner in one month adds units. Make the mean 250 units by changing one month.",{"measure":465,"target":455,"prompt":466},"median","Saving power: make the median 220 units.",{"measure":468,"target":469,"prompt":470},"range",150,"Flatten the summer peak so the range is 150 units.",{"measure":472,"target":446,"prompt":473},"mode","Make 180 units the only mode.","Explore an invented but realistic year of household electricity use and see how summer peaks shape the averages.","A dot plot of 12 monthly values: 180, 170, 190, 260, 340, 380, 300, 270, 250, 220, 190, 180. Mean ≈ 244.2, median 235, modes 180 and 190, range 210.\n\nChallenges:\n\n1. **Mean 250:** the year needs 3,000 units, 70 more: e.g. change January from 180 to 250.\n2. **Median 220:** the 6th and 7th ordered values must average 220; e.g. change the 250 (September) to 220, so the middle two are 220 and 220.\n3. **Range 150:** the lowest is 170, so the highest must be 320: bring June (380) and May (340) down to 320 or less.\n4. **Mode 180 only:** make 180 appear more often than 190, e.g. change one 190 to 180.\n\nProject idea: collect your own family's bills for 12 months, find all four summaries, draw a bar graph, and explain the peaks. Look up the rate per unit printed on your own bill — it differs by state and by slab — and work out what the peak months cost.",{"id":477,"type":95,"title":478,"items":479},"steps-project","How to run any data project",[480,484,488,492,496,500,504],{"title":481,"tag":482,"text":483},"Ask a question","clear and answerable","E.g. \"In which months does our family use the most electricity, and why?\"",{"title":485,"tag":486,"text":487},"Plan the data","what, how, how much","Decide what to record, how (bills, survey, measurement) and for how long.",{"title":489,"tag":490,"text":491},"Collect","carefully","Record values in a table as you go, with dates and units.",{"title":493,"tag":494,"text":495},"Organise","tables","Frequency tables or month-by-month tables; check totals.",{"title":497,"tag":498,"text":499},"Represent","graphs","Choose the graph that fits: bar graph, double bar graph, pie chart, line graph.",{"title":501,"tag":502,"text":503},"Summarise","averages and spread","Mean, median, mode, range; say which average you trust and why.",{"title":505,"tag":506,"text":507},"Conclude","answer the question","Answer your question in words, with numbers as evidence, and note the limits of your data.",{"id":509,"type":47,"title":510,"eyebrow":511,"navLabel":512},"ch05","The biggest data set in India: the census","Chapter 05","5 Census",{"id":514,"type":43,"markdown":515},"census","Once a decade, India attempts something extraordinary: to count **every person** in the country on the same day, and record their age, sex, education, work, language, religion, housing and more. The **Census of India** is one of the largest data collection exercises on Earth, done by lakhs of enumerators, usually school teachers, going house to house.\n\nThe census answers questions no other data can: How many children need schools in each district? Where are hospitals most needed? How many people speak each language? It is also the frame from which smaller sample surveys are chosen.\n\nThe last full count was in 2011. The next one, **Census 2027**, is India's 16th and its first digital one: houses are listed between April and September 2026, people are counted in February 2027, and the reference moment — the instant everyone is counted as of — is midnight on 1 March 2027.",{"id":517,"type":56,"caption":518,"columns":519,"rows":524},"table-census","India's population at each census (crore, rounded to one decimal; increases and growth rates as published by the Census of India)",[520,521,522,523],"Census year","Population (crore)","Increase (crore)","Growth over the decade",[525,529,534,539,544,549,553],[526,527,528,528],"1951","36.1","—",[530,531,532,533],"1961","43.9","7.8","21.5%",[535,536,537,538],"1971","54.8","10.9","24.8%",[540,541,542,543],"1981","68.3","13.5","24.7%",[545,546,547,548],"1991","84.6","16.3","23.9%",[550,551,552,533],"2001","102.9","18.2",[554,555,552,556],"2011","121.1","17.7%",{"id":558,"type":120,"title":559,"problem":560,"steps":561},"we-census","Growth from 2001 to 2011","India's population was about 102.9 crore in 2001 and 121.1 crore in 2011. Find the increase and the percentage growth over the decade.",[562,563,564,565],"Increase = 121.1 − 102.9 = **18.2 crore**, roughly the population of a large state added in ten years.","Percentage growth = 18.2 ÷ 102.9 × 100% ≈ **17.7%**.","Compare with 1991–2001: the Census recorded an increase of 18.2 crore and a growth rate of **21.5%**. The **number** added was about the same, but the **rate** of growth fell, because it was spread over a bigger population.","The exact 2011 count was 1,21,08,54,977 people: in words, one hundred twenty-one crore, eight lakh, fifty-four thousand, nine hundred seventy-seven.",{"id":567,"type":130,"variant":568,"title":569,"markdown":570},"census-limit","model_limit","What the census cannot tell you","Even a full count has limits. It is a snapshot of one moment, and by the time results are published, children have grown and people have moved. Some people are hard to count (the homeless, people on the move), and answers are only as good as what people say. That is why statisticians compare the census with other sources and publish estimates of how many were missed.",{"id":572,"type":47,"title":573,"eyebrow":574,"navLabel":575},"ch06","Data, privacy and fairness","Chapter 06","6 Data ethics",{"id":577,"type":43,"markdown":578},"ethics","Every time you use a phone app, play an online game, or even walk past a CCTV camera, data about you may be collected. Data about people is powerful, and power needs rules.\n\n- **Consent:** people should know what data is being collected about them and agree to it. In a class survey, tell people what the survey is for, and let them say no.\n- **Only what you need:** a survey about favourite snacks does not need names, phone numbers or home addresses.\n- **Anonymity:** report results for the group (\"9 children chose samosa\"), not for individuals (\"Riya chose idli\"), unless they agree.\n- **Keep it safe:** personal data such as marks, health information or identity numbers must be stored securely and shared only with the right people.\n- **Fairness:** data can reflect unfairness. If a survey only asks people with smartphones, it leaves out those without them, and decisions based on it may ignore their needs.\n\nIndia's **Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023** sets rules for how organisations may collect and use people's personal data, including extra care for children's data.",{"id":580,"type":130,"variant":214,"title":581,"markdown":582},"ethics-careful","Never share these online","Your full name with your school, home address, phone number, passwords, OTPs, Aadhaar number, or photos of your ID cards. If a game, quiz or website asks for them, stop and ask a parent or teacher. A real survey for a school project never needs them.",{"id":584,"type":585,"prompt":586},"reflect-ethics","reflection","Your class wants to survey the whole school about bullying. What would you do to make sure people answer honestly and nobody can be identified from the results? What should you do if someone writes something that suggests they are in danger?",{"id":588,"type":47,"title":589,"eyebrow":590,"navLabel":591},"ch07","Careers built on data","Chapter 07","7 Careers",{"id":593,"type":594,"title":595,"prompt":596,"options":597},"explorer-careers","explorer","People who handle data for a living","Pick a job to see how it uses the ideas from this topic.",[598,611,623,635,647],{"id":599,"label":600,"chain":601,"badge":607,"note":610},"statistician","Statistician",[602,603,604,605,606],"Plan a survey","Choose a fair sample","Collect answers","Summarise and test","Report with uncertainty",{"text":608,"tone":609},"Uses: sampling, averages, spread","yes","Statisticians design surveys and experiments and work out how much to trust the results. India's Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, the Indian Statistical Institute and the Indian Statistical Service employ many of them. They measure things like prices, jobs, farming output and health across the country.",{"id":612,"label":613,"chain":614,"badge":620,"note":622},"data-scientist","Data scientist",[615,616,617,618,619],"Gather huge data sets","Clean errors and gaps","Find patterns","Build a model","Check it on new data",{"text":621,"tone":609},"Uses: outliers, missing values","Data scientists use programming and statistics to find patterns in very large data sets, such as which products sell together, when trains get crowded, how to detect fraud in UPI payments. Much of the job is cleaning data, which means spotting outliers, typos and missing values, exactly the skills from Investigate.",{"id":624,"label":625,"chain":626,"badge":632,"note":634},"meteorologist","Meteorologist",[627,628,629,630,631],"Collect readings","Compare with normals","Run weather models","Forecast chances","Warn the public",{"text":633,"tone":609},"Uses: means, probability","Meteorologists at the India Meteorological Department compare this year's rainfall with the long-period average to declare a monsoon 'normal', 'deficient' or 'excess', and give forecasts as chances. Farmers, airlines and disaster teams depend on them.",{"id":636,"label":637,"chain":638,"badge":644,"note":646},"cricket-analyst","Cricket analyst",[639,640,641,642,643],"Record every ball","Sort by bowler and field","Compare averages","Spot weaknesses","Advise the captain",{"text":645,"tone":609},"Uses: batting averages, strike rates","Team analysts record every ball of every match and use averages, medians, strike rates and economy rates to plan. Which bowler troubles a left-hander? Where does a batter score most runs? The Deepen lesson on batting averages is where this job starts.",{"id":648,"label":649,"chain":650,"badge":655,"note":657},"epidemiologist","Epidemiologist",[651,652,617,653,654],"Count cases","Compare rates per lakh","Test causes","Guide health policy",{"text":656,"tone":609},"Uses: rates, fair comparisons","Epidemiologists study how diseases spread. They compare rates per lakh people rather than raw totals (see the misleading-graph chapter), and their data guides vaccination drives and hospital planning.",{"id":659,"type":47,"title":660,"eyebrow":661,"navLabel":662},"ch08","Puzzles and olympiad problems","Chapter 08","8 Puzzles",{"id":664,"type":43,"markdown":665},"puzzles-intro","These problems need more than a formula. Most can be cracked with one key idea: **switch from averages to totals**. Try each one before reading the solution.",{"id":667,"type":120,"title":668,"problem":669,"steps":670},"we-puzzle-overlap","The shared middle number","The mean of 11 numbers is 30. The mean of the first 6 is 28 and the mean of the last 6 is 33. What is the 6th number?",[671,672,673,674],"Total of all 11 = 11 × 30 = 330.","First 6 total = 6 × 28 = 168. Last 6 total = 6 × 33 = 198.","The first six and the last six together cover all 11 numbers, but the 6th number is counted **twice**.","168 + 198 = 366, which is 366 − 330 = 36 more than the true total. So the 6th number is **36**.",{"id":676,"type":120,"title":677,"problem":678,"steps":679},"we-puzzle-mmm","Mean, median and mode together","Five positive whole numbers have mean 5, median 5 and a single mode, 8. Find them.",[680,681,682,683,684],"Order them a ≤ b ≤ c ≤ d ≤ e. Median 5 → c = 5.","Mode 8 means 8 appears most often. It can only be d and e (both above 5), so d = e = 8.","Mean 5 → total 25, so a + b = 25 − 5 − 8 − 8 = 4.","With a ≤ b: either (1, 3) or (2, 2). But (2, 2) would make 2 appear twice, tying with 8, and then 8 would not be the single mode.","So the numbers are **1, 3, 5, 8, 8**. Check: mean 25 ÷ 5 = 5 ✓, median 5 ✓, only mode 8 ✓.",{"id":686,"type":136,"component":439,"componentVersion":5,"config":687,"objective":711,"textAlternative":712},"lab-puzzle",{"datasets":688,"valueRange":696,"step":5,"challenges":698},[689],{"label":690,"values":691},"Five positive whole numbers to design",[5,692,693,694,695],2,3,4,5,{"min":5,"max":697},20,[699,701,703,706,709],{"measure":462,"target":695,"prompt":700},"Puzzle step 1: make the mean 5.",{"measure":465,"target":695,"prompt":702},"Step 2: keep the mean 5 and make the median 5.",{"measure":472,"target":704,"prompt":705},8,"Step 3: keep both and make 8 the only mode. Is there more than one answer?",{"measure":468,"target":707,"prompt":708},12,"New puzzle: mean 8, median 7, range 12. Make the range 12 (then check the rest yourself).",{"measure":462,"target":704,"prompt":710},"Now make the mean 8 while keeping the range 12 and the median 7.","Design five numbers to meet several conditions at once, like an olympiad puzzle.","Five values start at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.\n\nPuzzle 1 (mean 5, median 5, single mode 8): the only answer is **1, 3, 5, 8, 8**. Total 25; the middle is 5; 8 must appear twice as the two largest values; the two smallest add to 4 but cannot both be 2.\n\nPuzzle 2 (mean 8, median 7, range 12): total 40, middle value 7, largest − smallest = 12. One answer: 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 (3 + 5 + 7 + 10 + 15 = 40; 15 − 3 = 12). Another: 4, 4, 7, 9, 16. There are many; try to find the largest possible smallest value (it is 4, e.g. 4, 5, 7, 8, 16).\n\nThe lab checks one measure at a time, so check the other conditions yourself.",{"id":714,"type":170,"itemId":715,"prompt":716,"check":717,"hints":720,"feedback":721},"pr-puzzle-misread","data-handling.extend-puzzle-misread","The mean mark of 20 students was calculated as 45. Later the teacher found that one mark of 72 had been copied as 27. What is the correct mean?",{"kind":174,"answer":718,"tolerance":719},47.25,0.01,[],{"correct":722,"incorrect":723},"Right: the total was 45 × 20 = 900, but it should be 45 more (72 − 27): 945. 945 ÷ 20 = 47.25.","Fix the total first: it was too small by 72 − 27 = 45. Then divide by 20.",{"id":725,"type":170,"itemId":726,"prompt":727,"check":728,"hints":730,"feedback":731},"pr-puzzle-consec","data-handling.extend-puzzle-consecutive","The mean of five consecutive whole numbers is 17. What is the largest of them?",{"kind":174,"answer":729,"tolerance":176},19,[],{"correct":732,"incorrect":733},"Yes: for consecutive numbers the mean is the middle one, 17, so they are 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.","For evenly spaced numbers, the mean equals the middle number.",{"id":735,"type":170,"itemId":736,"prompt":737,"check":738,"hints":740,"feedback":742},"pr-puzzle-baby","data-handling.extend-puzzle-family","The mean age of a family of 4 is 20 years. A baby is born today. What will the mean age of all 5 family members be exactly one year from today?",{"kind":174,"answer":739,"tolerance":176},17,[741],"Work with total ages, not the mean.",{"correct":743,"incorrect":744},"Correct: in a year the four total 4 × 21 = 84 years and the baby is 1, so 85 ÷ 5 = 17.","Total ages now: 80. In a year each of the four gains 1 year (84) and the baby is 1.",{"id":746,"type":170,"itemId":747,"prompt":748,"check":749,"hints":751,"feedback":753},"pr-puzzle-median","data-handling.extend-puzzle-median-max","Seven whole numbers have a median of 10 and a mean of 10, and every number is at least 1. What is the largest possible value of the biggest number?",{"kind":174,"answer":750,"tolerance":176},37,[752],"Numbers after the median cannot be smaller than the median.",{"correct":754,"incorrect":755},"Right: keep everything else as small as allowed. The three below the median can be 1, 1, 1; the median is 10; the two after it must be at least 10. The total must be 7 × 10 = 70, so the biggest is 70 − (1 + 1 + 1 + 10 + 10 + 10) = 37.","To make one number as big as possible, make all the others as small as the rules allow, then use the total 7 × 10 = 70.",{"id":757,"type":47,"title":758,"eyebrow":759,"navLabel":760},"ch09","Projects and open questions","Chapter 09","9 Projects",{"id":762,"type":56,"caption":763,"columns":764,"rows":769},"table-projects","Project menu: pick one and follow the seven project steps",[765,766,767,768],"Project","Question","Data and method","Graph and summary",[770,775,780,785,790,795],[771,772,773,774],"Monsoon diary","How much rain falls at my home each week of the monsoon?","Make a rain gauge from a straight-sided bottle; measure daily in mm","Bar graph by week; total, mean and median daily rain",[776,777,778,779],"Two cities","Is my city more like Delhi or Chennai?","Look up monthly temperature normals (IMD) for your city","Double bar graph; compare means and ranges",[781,782,783,784],"Class travel survey","How do we get to school, and how long does it take?","Questionnaire, no names; times in minutes","Pie chart for modes of travel; median travel time",[786,787,788,789],"Cricket season","Who is the most consistent batter in a team?","Scorecards from a season; mark not-outs","Batting averages, medians and ranges",[791,792,793,794],"Kirana shop sales","Which day is busiest for a local shop?","Ask the owner to note customers per day for 2 weeks","Bar graph by day; mean per weekday",[796,797,798,799],"Electricity at home","Which months cost the most, and why?","Units from 12 monthly bills","Bar graph; mean, median, range; link with weather",{"id":801,"type":130,"variant":802,"title":803,"markdown":804},"open-questions","question","Open questions for curious learners","These do not have single right answers. Pick one and argue your case with data.\n\n- Should India's news use the mean or the median when it reports \"average income\"? What changes if it switches?\n- A school ranks students by mean marks. Is that fair to a student who was ill for one exam? Would the median of their marks be fairer?\n- Weather apps say \"60% chance of rain\". What does that actually mean, and how could you check whether an app's percentages are honest?\n- If a fitness app knows your steps every day, who should be allowed to use that data, and for what?\n- Is it possible to make a graph that is completely neutral, or does every choice (scale, colour, order) nudge the reader?",{"id":806,"type":47,"title":807,"eyebrow":808,"navLabel":809},"ch10","Round-up","Chapter 10","10 Round-up",{"id":811,"type":812,"title":813,"terms":814},"glossary-extend","glossary","Words from this layer",[815,818,821,825,828,831,835,838,841,845,848,850,853,856,860],{"term":816,"meaning":817},"pie chart","A circle divided into sectors whose angles show each part as a fraction of a whole.",{"term":819,"meaning":820},"sector","A slice of a circle between two radii; one part in a pie chart.",{"term":822,"meaning":823,"example":824},"central angle","The angle of a sector at the centre of the circle: (part ÷ whole) × 360°.","1\u002F4 of the whole → 90°.",{"term":826,"meaning":827},"truncated (broken) axis","A value axis that does not start at zero; it can exaggerate differences between bars.",{"term":829,"meaning":830},"misleading graph","A graph that gives a false impression, even from true numbers.",{"term":832,"meaning":833,"example":834},"probability","A number from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain) measuring how likely something is.","P(heads) = ½.",{"term":836,"meaning":837},"outcome","One possible result of an experiment, such as a 4 on a die.",{"term":839,"meaning":840},"equally likely","Having the same chance of happening, like each face of a fair die.",{"term":842,"meaning":843,"example":844},"relative frequency","How often something happened in an experiment divided by the number of trials; an estimate of probability.","103 heads in 200 tosses → 0.515.",{"term":846,"meaning":847},"gambler's fallacy","The mistaken belief that past random results change future chances, such as \"tails is due\".",{"term":514,"meaning":849},"An official count of every member of a population, such as the Census of India.",{"term":851,"meaning":852},"sample","A part of a population chosen to represent the whole in a survey.",{"term":854,"meaning":855},"consent","Agreement, given freely and knowingly, to have your data collected and used.",{"term":857,"meaning":858,"example":859},"anonymous","Not identifying any individual person.","Reporting only group totals.",{"term":861,"meaning":862},"personal data","Information that can identify a person, such as name, address, phone number or ID number.",{"id":864,"type":865,"title":866,"questions":867},"quiz-extend","quiz","Out in the wild",[868,878,891,904,917,928,940,953,966,978],{"itemId":869,"prompt":870,"options":871,"correct":229,"why":877},"data-handling.extend-q-pie","In a pie chart of 90 students, how large is the sector for 30 students?",[872,874,875,876],{"id":223,"label":873},"30°",{"id":226,"label":147},{"id":229,"label":153},{"id":232,"label":144},"30 ÷ 90 = 1\u002F3 and 1\u002F3 × 360° = 120°.",{"itemId":879,"prompt":880,"options":881,"correct":226,"why":890},"data-handling.extend-q-pie-back","A sector of 72° in a pie chart of a ₹50,000 budget represents…",[882,884,886,888],{"id":223,"label":883},"₹7,200",{"id":226,"label":885},"₹10,000",{"id":229,"label":887},"₹20,000",{"id":232,"label":889},"₹36,000","72 ÷ 360 = 1\u002F5, and 1\u002F5 of ₹50,000 is ₹10,000.",{"itemId":892,"prompt":893,"options":894,"correct":226,"why":903},"data-handling.extend-q-axis","Bars for 60 and 62 are drawn with the axis starting at 58. The second bar looks…",[895,897,899,901],{"id":223,"label":896},"about the same",{"id":226,"label":898},"twice as tall",{"id":229,"label":900},"62\u002F60 times as tall",{"id":232,"label":902},"half as tall","Above 58 the bars are 2 and 4 units tall, so one looks twice the other, although 62 is only about 3% more than 60.",{"itemId":905,"prompt":906,"options":907,"correct":226,"why":916},"data-handling.extend-q-area","A picture is made twice as wide and twice as tall. Its area becomes…",[908,910,912,914],{"id":223,"label":909},"2 times",{"id":226,"label":911},"4 times",{"id":229,"label":913},"8 times",{"id":232,"label":915},"the same","2 × 2 = 4 times the area.",{"itemId":918,"prompt":919,"options":920,"correct":226,"why":927},"data-handling.extend-q-prob","A bag has 3 red, 5 blue and 2 green marbles. P(blue) is…",[921,923,924,926],{"id":223,"label":922},"1\u002F5",{"id":226,"label":421},{"id":229,"label":925},"5\u002F3",{"id":232,"label":419},"5 blue out of 10 marbles = 5\u002F10 = 1\u002F2.",{"itemId":929,"prompt":930,"options":931,"correct":226,"why":939},"data-handling.extend-q-fallacy","A fair coin shows heads 6 times in a row. The chance of heads next time is…",[932,934,936,938],{"id":223,"label":933},"less than ½",{"id":226,"label":935},"exactly ½",{"id":229,"label":937},"more than ½",{"id":232,"label":317},"The coin has no memory: still ½.",{"itemId":941,"prompt":942,"options":943,"correct":223,"why":952},"data-handling.extend-q-census","India's population grew from about 102.9 crore (2001) to 121.1 crore (2011). The growth was about…",[944,946,948,950],{"id":223,"label":945},"18%",{"id":226,"label":947},"12%",{"id":229,"label":949},"25%",{"id":232,"label":951},"1.8%","18.2 ÷ 102.9 ≈ 0.177, about 17.7%.",{"itemId":954,"prompt":955,"options":956,"correct":229,"why":965},"data-handling.extend-q-privacy","Which question should a class survey on favourite games NOT ask?",[957,959,961,963],{"id":223,"label":958},"Which game do you play most?",{"id":226,"label":960},"How many hours a week do you play?",{"id":229,"label":962},"What is your home address?",{"id":232,"label":964},"Do you play indoors or outdoors?","A home address is personal data the survey does not need.",{"itemId":967,"prompt":968,"options":969,"correct":226,"why":977},"data-handling.extend-q-overlap","The mean of 3 numbers is 10 and the mean of the first 2 is 8. The third number is…",[970,972,974,975],{"id":223,"label":971},"12",{"id":226,"label":973},"14",{"id":229,"label":33},{"id":232,"label":976},"2","Total 30, first two 16, so the third is 14.",{"itemId":979,"prompt":980,"options":981,"correct":229,"why":990},"data-handling.extend-q-pie-when","When is a pie chart the wrong choice?",[982,984,986,988],{"id":223,"label":983},"Parts of one whole",{"id":226,"label":985},"A budget split into 5 items",{"id":229,"label":987},"Answers where each person could choose several options",{"id":232,"label":989},"Shares of land use in a district","Multiple choices per person do not add up to one whole, so the slices would be meaningless.",{"id":992,"type":993,"title":994,"points":995},"cheat-extend","summary","Cheat sheet",[996,997,998,999,1000,1001,1002,1003,1004],"**Pie chart:** central angle = (part ÷ whole) × 360°; angles add to 360°. Best for a few parts of one whole.","**Misleading graphs:** broken axes on bars, pictures scaled in two or three dimensions, cherry-picked windows, uneven scales, missing population context.","**Bars must start at zero;** line graphs may zoom in if the break is clearly marked.","**Chance words:** impossible (0), unlikely, even chance (½), likely, certain (1).","**P(event)** = favourable outcomes ÷ total outcomes, when outcomes are equally likely. Relative frequency from experiments approaches it over many trials.","A coin has no memory: the **gambler's fallacy** is wrong.","**Census:** counts everyone about once a decade; India ≈ 121 crore in 2011, growth ≈ 17.7% over 2001–2011.","**Data ethics:** consent, only what you need, anonymity, keep it safe, watch for unfair samples.","**Puzzles:** switch from means to totals; the shared value in overlapping groups is counted twice.",{"id":1006,"type":585,"prompt":1007},"reflect-extend","Find a graph in a newspaper, textbook or advertisement. Use the five questions from the misleading-graphs chapter to judge it. If it misleads, describe how you would redraw it fairly.",{"id":1009,"type":1010,"conceptId":1011,"relation":1012,"explanation":1013},"conn-angles","connection","angles","applied_in","Pie charts turn fractions of a whole into central angles that add up to a full turn of 360°.",{"id":1015,"type":1010,"conceptId":1016,"relation":1012,"explanation":1017},"conn-construct","constructing-angles","Drawing a pie chart means measuring each sector's angle accurately with a protractor.",{"id":1019,"type":1010,"conceptId":1020,"relation":1012,"explanation":1021},"conn-elec","electricity","A year of electricity bills is a real data set: graph the units, find the averages and explain the summer peak.",{"id":1023,"type":1010,"conceptId":1024,"relation":1025,"explanation":1026},"conn-numbers","number-system","helps_understand","Census totals like 1,21,08,54,977 use the Indian system of lakhs and crores.",{"id":1028,"type":1010,"conceptId":1029,"relation":1030,"explanation":1031},"conn-primes","prime-and-composite","related_to","Probability questions such as \"a prime number on a die\" need you to know which numbers are prime.",{"id":1033,"type":1034,"sourceIds":1035},"sources-extend","sources",[1036,1037,1038,1039,1040,1041,1042],"data-handling-ncert-class8","data-handling-wiki-misleading-graph","data-handling-census-india","data-handling-census-2027","data-handling-imd","data-handling-khan-summarizing","data-handling-wiki-mahalanobis",[1036,1037,1038,1039,1040,1041,1042],"needs_review",{"generatedBy":1046,"notes":1047},"claude-code","Draft generated with Python-checked statistics; pending owner review.","6e0c9cc0a25e27854d1407f3d83ef76493e90050978a8ad1941de32fc91559d9",{"component:match-pairs@1":1050,"logic:practice":1051,"component:sort-game@1":1052,"component:data-lab@1":1053,"source:data-handling-census-2027":1054,"source:data-handling-census-india":1055,"source:data-handling-imd":1056,"source:data-handling-khan-summarizing":1057,"source:data-handling-ncert-class8":1058,"source:data-handling-wiki-mahalanobis":1059,"source:data-handling-wiki-misleading-graph":1060},"2a8ee4ac87460b4e1175a4bb13c96b03d577db06dde95670eb7fcfe4ad787899","3d6b0fe1b15255975a32b0fcd94e8019bc959ad45cbf12e136e86149549c6878","b164f45a2c8ca08f26c450768ff0231e113e9fe45381eddb34dc6d0548596c38","466896cc37735f48db03875fe9c9ce42fc8bcb7e5f937c9779d70513703b91bd","b97af6e5e0ca6802ee13a84af02594d9b371855310cc090e74f2b102ed4403ee","934b2e0d1b6222e6346f51e64ffc3e6c8d98db3be7d9a3c8d4cb3da843e8becc","834b555363edd0d5f3a42f5870d2acb5a33c3af5e40ecb43649732edd4cdce2c","d3f02b5bb1750887d4c5e469441199469eba3f40ba38f08a0f15e6dc123789da","9c5530663fa1281b78426a548e1488607d718897d812d85bf6a79a1ac289ffb9","8b262d93bdc3277658143b72d0f370f2357f46f259c578ba699a36937d3759c6","9f2eb57a2057aa17944585cbb7fadfdd60b696ba2937b0aa5d1f2a1c74f8c53a",{"state":1062,"reviewer":1063,"selfReview":1064,"reviewedAt":1065,"method":1066},"approved","The library owner",true,"2026-09-20T10:18:37.581Z","owner_bulk","preview-7e1cbbcc4f",1789899597749]